Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: In situ self-assembled organoid for osteochondral tissue regeneration with dual functional units

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro chondrogenic and osteogenic pre-differentiation induction of MSC-seeded microcryogels. (A) Schematic of the chondrogenic induction process. (B) Toluidine blue and Alcian blue staining of control microcryogels and CH-Microcryogels after 7 d of chondrogenic induction. Relative gene expression of (C) COL2, (D) SOX9, and (E) ACAN. (F) Schematic of the osteogenic induction process. (G) Alizarin red staining of control microcryogels and OS-Microcryogels after 7 d of osteogenic induction. (H) Quantitative detection of ALP in MSCs after 7 d of osteogenic induction on control microcryogels and OS-Microcryogels. (I) Quantitative detection of ALP in MSCs on 2D culture plates. Relative gene expression of (J) RUNX2, (K) OCN, (L) COL1, and (M) ALP. (N) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of microcryogels after 7 d of chondrogenic and osteogenic induction. F-actin and DAPI staining of MSCs cultured in microcryogels after 7 d of (O) chondrogenic induction and (P) osteogenic induction. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, n. s. represents no significant difference, n = 3).

Article Snippet: Micromechanical testing After 7 d of culture, atomic force microscopy (AFM, module Cohesion® 200 JPK, Instruments) was used to investigate the micromechanical compression properties of different microcryogels, as previously reported [ 22 ].

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Control, Gene Expression, Microscopy, Cell Culture

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Cracking effects in squashable and stretchable thin metal films on PDMS for flexible microsystems and electronics

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27798-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Measurement techniques used in the study. ( a ) Optical microscopy. The white and blue arrows indicate the strain directions relative to the long lengths of the wires used in the study. The characteristic crack spacing is indicated by λ . ( b ) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)—the crack width f is visible. The inset shows a depth profile of a crack. ( c ) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the evaporated film thickness and uniformity. ( d ) Optical interference microscopy was used to produce non-contact, large surface tomography of cracking and buckling. ( e ) Piezoresistance characterization via current-voltage ( IV ) measurements using a probe station. The inset shows how the IV changes with applied strain.

Article Snippet: The thickness, roughness, and uniformity of the evaporated metal films were measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM)—see Fig. (see Supplementary Table ).

Techniques: Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Tomography